Deep Snow Immersion/Suffocation

Deep Snow & Tree Well Safety

Your mountain adventure is all about discovery, but some hidden dangers can turn a great day into a dangerous one. Understanding deep snow and tree well hazards can save your life and your friends.

What Is a Tree Well or Deep Snow Hazard?

Tree wells form when branches at the base of a tree prevent snow from filling evenly around the trunk, creating a hidden air pocket or soft void. After storms or in ungroomed terrain, these voids, along with areas of deep, unconsolidated snow, can trap a skier or snowboarder who falls in, leading to suffocation if the airway becomes blocked.

These hazards are common in forested areas, under chairlifts, and in the powder stashes our mountain is known for. They are nearly invisible from above. Assume every tree could hide one.

How to Stay Safe

Ride with a Buddy. Always ski or snowboard with a partner in sight, not just on the same run. Watch each other, especially in trees and off-piste terrain.
Give Trees Space. Avoid skiing or riding too close to tree trunks, especially after fresh snow or wind-blown conditions.
Stay Aware of Conditions. Deep, loose snow and storm days increase the risk. If you’re tired or visibility is low, stay on groomed trails.
Know Your Limits. Tree and powder skiing are advanced skills. If you’re not comfortable in variable or deep snow, stick to marked trails.
Carry a Whistle. It’s a simple, lightweight tool that can help alert others if you’re stuck or separated.
Keep an Eye on the Weather. Heavy snow, wind, and warming conditions can change terrain quickly. Check our Snow Report before heading out.

If You or Someone Else Falls In

Stay Calm. Try to keep your head above snow and create an airway around your face.
Call for Help. Yell or blow your whistle to alert your partner.
If You’re the Partner:

Don’t leave to get help just yet; your friend needs air now.
Clear snow from around their face first, maintaining their airway.
Dig toward the trunk to create space and free them as quickly as possible.
Once they can breathe, call:

Ski Patrol at (209) 536-5350 ext. 150 or notify the nearest employee.

Stay Together. Keep the person warm and wait for Patrol to arrive.

When Are Tree Wells Most Dangerous?

After fresh snowfall or strong wind events that deposit deep, loose snow.
In ungroomed tree areas, especially near pines, firs, and manzanita patches.
During low-light conditions, when terrain contours are hard to read.

Remember

Deep snow and tree well hazards can be deadly, even for experienced riders. The best defense is awareness, communication, and never riding alone in the trees.